Cajal's Challenge
Dan Lewis Foundation | Spring 2024

Overcoming the Barriers in Making New Neurons in the Adult Brain: Lessons from Nature


Almost 100 years ago, the father of modern neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a Spanish physician, recognized that the injured brain could not repair or regrow damaged neurons. Cajal stated, “In adult centers the nerve paths are something fixed, ended, immutable. Everything may die, nothing may be regenerated. It is key for the science of the future to change, if possible, this decree.”¹ Cajal recognized that for individuals with devastating brain diseases or brain injuries, there was little that could be done to repair or regenerate neurons. He proposed that it was up to future scientists to solve the problem of regeneration. There lies Cajal’s Challenge. 


The Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) will meet in Vienna from June 25th to 29th, covering all areas of neuroscience from basic to translational. On June 24th, a one-day pre-FENS workshop will be held with 100 young researchers. This one-day meeting, started in 2021, is designed to create a strong and interactive community among young researchers in the fields of neurogenesis and glia to neuron conversion in Europe, the U.S., and beyond. Our vision is to promote the free exchange of ideas and results among the research groups working in this area. Neurogenesis and Glia-to-Neuron conversion is one of the most exciting research fields of our times.

Cajal’s Challenge Speakers:

Alejandro Schinder, PhD

Benedict Berninger, PhD

Don Cleveland, PhD

Enric Llorens, PhD 

Elly Tanaka, PhD

Magdalena Gotz, PhD

Noelia Urban, PhD

Sumru Bayin, PhD

Sofia Grade, PhD

Sven Falk, PhD

For more information and free registration: 

https://roymaimonel.wixsite.com/cajalschalange


1. Ramón y Cajal S.

Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System.

Haffner Publishing Company, New York, NY1926


The word arpah is written in blue letters on a white background.

ARPA-H Announcement Seeks Research Projects in Brain Regeneration

By Dan Lewis Foundation • July 31, 2025
On July 10, 2025, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) announced a major initiative titled Functional Repair of Neocortical Tissue or FRONT. The announcement states “FRONT will pioneer a curative therapy for the more than 20 million adults in the US living with chronic neocortical brain damage from neurodegeneration, stroke, trauma, and other causes, which costs the country an estimated $800 billion per year. Worldwide, more than 200 million people live with debilitating after-effects of brain damage.”  A set of informational meetings about this program and a due date for outlines of potential proposals have been set for August. Full proposals are due by September 25, 2025. Complete instructions, specifications, and expectations are delineated in the ARPA-H FRONT announcement. The FRONT announcement includes a clear expectation that the successful brain regeneration methods that are discovered will be used in clinical trials with persons with brain injury by the fifth year of the program. The DLF lauds ARPA-H for initiating this program. We are discussing possibilities for playing a supportive role as proposals develop. This exciting program is congruent with the original overarching goals of the DLF and confirms the validity of its mission.
Photo of Dr. Justin Burrell

2025 DLF Prize Awarded to Justin Burrell, Ph.D.

By Dan Lewis Foundation • July 31, 2025
Dr. Burrell is a translational neuroengineer in the Departments of Neurosurgery and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania. His research integrates advanced neural repair strategies with clinical translation, focusing on axon protection, nerve fusion, and engineered neural tissue for neurotrauma recovery. Dr. Burrell has led the development of multiple first-in-field innovations—including the first large-animal model of nerve fusion, delayed axonal fusion protocols, and the first orally active axonal protectants—positioning him as a recognized leader in regenerative neurotechnologies. He is co-founder of Neurostorative LLC and plays a central role in several other platforms aimed at neural reconnection, long-term preservation, and bio-integrated prosthetic systems.