Cajal's Challenge
Dan Lewis Foundation | Spring 2024

Overcoming the Barriers in Making New Neurons in the Adult Brain: Lessons from Nature


Almost 100 years ago, the father of modern neuroscience Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a Spanish physician, recognized that the injured brain could not repair or regrow damaged neurons. Cajal stated, “In adult centers the nerve paths are something fixed, ended, immutable. Everything may die, nothing may be regenerated. It is key for the science of the future to change, if possible, this decree.”
¹ Cajal recognized that for individuals with devastating brain diseases or brain injuries, there was little that could be done to repair or regenerate neurons. He proposed that it was up to future scientists to solve the problem of regeneration. There lies Cajal’s Challenge. 


The Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) will meet in Vienna from June 25th to 29th, covering all areas of neuroscience from basic to translational. On June 24th, a one-day pre-FENS workshop will be held with 100 young researchers. This one-day meeting, started in 2021, is designed to create a strong and interactive community among young researchers in the fields of neurogenesis and glia to neuron conversion in Europe, the U.S., and beyond. Our vision is to promote the free exchange of ideas and results among the research groups working in this area. Neurogenesis and Glia-to-Neuron conversion is one of the most exciting research fields of our times.

Cajal’s Challenge Speakers:

Alejandro Schinder, PhD

Benedict Berninger, PhD

Don Cleveland, PhD

Enric Llorens, PhD 

Elly Tanaka, PhD

Magdalena Gotz, PhD

Noelia Urban, PhD

Sumru Bayin, PhD

Sofia Grade, PhD

Sven Falk, PhD

For more information and free registration: 

https://roymaimonel.wixsite.com/cajalschalange


1. Ramón y Cajal S.

Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System.

Haffner Publishing Company, New York, NY1926


By Dan Lewis Foundation | Spring 2024 11 Apr, 2024
Graham Dempsey, Ph.D., is a founder and Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) at Quiver Bioscience, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based biotechnology company focused on the development of medicines for disorders of the nervous system. Dr. Dempsey and his team are working to develop treatments for some of the most challenging unsolved medical issues patients and their families face. Using advanced technologies in human stem cell biology, optogenetics, machine learning, and drug screening, progress is being made to develop medicines that will one-day treat conditions that have been largely untreatable. As the lead scientist for Quiver, formerly Q-State Biosciences, Dr. Dempsey enjoys working with world-class teams to invent, develop, and apply cutting-edge technologies to solve the most difficult challenges in biopharma for the betterment of patients. Dr. Dempsey’s inspiration to dedicate his professional life to science and medicine started at the early age of seven with the tragic loss of his father to an aggressive form of cancer, an experience that has deeply motivated him to this day. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania and his doctorate at Harvard University. As a graduate student in the biophysics program at Harvard Medical School, he co-developed ‘Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy’ or STORM , a light microscope with the ability to resolve nanometer (billionth of a meter, e.g. a hair is 100,000 nanometers thick) scale details of biological materials, an achievement that had been thought to be impossible for over a century. STORM has enabled what researchers call ‘super-resolution imaging’ for visualizing the intricate details of life’s most fundamental unit, the cell. Understanding the inner workings of a cell provides a path to a deeper understanding of the ways in which life is constructed and diseases can manifest. The technology was commercialized by Nikon Instruments for researchers worldwide. Dr. Dempsey left academic science to join Q-State Biosciences as the first hired employee with the goal of bringing advanced technologies developed at Harvard to the study of the brain. The brain, arguably the most complex structure in the known universe, works through electrical communication between brain cells or neurons. This communication is disrupted in all brain disorders but has been near impossible to study for the purposes of effectively developing medicines. Dr. Dempsey and his team over the course of ten years built a technology system that creates human brain models from patient stem cells (i.e. a ‘disease-in-a-dish’) and converts electrical activity of those brain cells into light signals that can be detected with ultra-sensitive microscopes. The resulting signals are analyzed using machine learning to find the patterns of how electrical activity is altered in disease, which can be used to find medicines that correct those changes. The team at Quiver is deploying this technology to take on previously untreatable brain conditions, including rare genetic diseases, such as certain seizure and neurodevelopmental disorders, to common conditions, such as chronic pain and Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Dempsey’s passion outside of science starts with his family, his wife (and high school sweetheart) and three young daughters, be it traveling the globe to experience new cultures (or simply stare at the ocean), cooking elaborate meals on a Saturday evening, night-time reading of novels to his daughters, or attending live music around Boston. As a native of NJ, he celebrates his roots with visits to family near the Jersey Shore and, whenever possible, attendance at Springsteen concerts and Giants games. Dr. Dempsey is an avid student of history’s great entrepreneurs, spending the sparse remaining minutes of the day reading biographies and listening to podcasts, looking to extract every bit of learning towards taking on the challenges of building a great business while staying true to his family, his Quiver teammates, and his professional mission.
By Dan Lewis Foundation | Spring 2024 11 Apr, 2024
Sheryl Suzanne Nibbs, a legal secretary in a top law firm, started the process of becoming a paralegal as she approached her 40th birthday. She was fancy in her appearance, always making sure her hair, nails, and clothing were in order, a well-kept person, an avid traveler, and her mother’s best friend.
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